{
  "slug": "caucasus-central-asia-hotels",
  "question": "How big is the hotel market in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Armenia, who are the guests, and who would buy hotel software there?",
  "title": "Caucasus and Central Asia Hotel Market 2026: Hotels, Rooms, Revenue, Guests and Staff in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Armenia",
  "answer": {
    "headline": "Georgia has 2,662 hotels with 51.2K rooms, and 62.9% of them are run by individual entrepreneurs (2024). Azerbaijan's 837 hotel enterprises earned AZN 653.0M in 2025, with 1.58M of 2.64M guests foreign; Kazakhstan's 4,687 places of accommodation took KZT 173.8B in January–June 2026 at 23.8% bed occupancy. In all five countries with data, hotels and restaurants pay below the national average wage.",
    "sample": "National statistics offices — Geostat (Georgia, hotels 2024, turnover and pay 2025), State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan (hotels 2025), Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (form 2-tourism, January–June 2026), Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (collective accommodation 2024), Armstat (2025) — and ILOSTAT harmonised labour data (2022–2025)",
    "verifiedAsOf": "2026-10-24"
  },
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "supply",
      "title": "How many hotels and rooms: supply by country",
      "note": "Each statistics office counts a slightly different perimeter: Azerbaijan counts hotels and hotel-type establishments, Georgia hotels and hotel-type enterprises, Kazakhstan all places of accommodation (form 2-tourism), Uzbekistan collective accommodation facilities, Armenia enterprises with activity code 55. Counts are comparable within a row, not across countries.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Georgia — hotels and hotel-type enterprises",
          "value": "2,662",
          "segment": "all hotel-type enterprises",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — rooms",
          "value": "51.2K",
          "segment": "hotels and hotel-type enterprises",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — bed-places",
          "value": "113.5K",
          "segment": "hotels and hotel-type enterprises",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — share of hotels run by individual entrepreneurs",
          "value": "62.9%",
          "segment": "by legal form · the most common form",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — share of hotels located in Tbilisi",
          "value": "22.5%",
          "segment": "Adjara is second",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — all places of accommodation",
          "value": "4,687",
          "segment": "hotels, guest houses, hostels, rest houses, camps",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702689?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — hotels",
          "value": "2,540",
          "segment": "all hotels",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702689?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — hotels without a restaurant",
          "value": "1,659",
          "segment": "of all hotels",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702689?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — guest houses, cottages and apartments",
          "value": "1,448",
          "segment": "small non-hotel accommodation",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702689?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — hotel and hotel-type enterprises",
          "value": "837",
          "segment": "enterprises",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_1.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — hotel and hotel-type properties",
          "value": "885",
          "segment": "properties (objects)",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_1.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — rooms",
          "value": "32,588",
          "segment": "hotels and hotel-type establishments",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_1.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — rooms in Baku",
          "value": "15,674",
          "segment": "Baku city",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/005_2.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — hotels",
          "value": "1,336",
          "segment": "collective accommodation, hotels only",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (SIAT)",
          "url": "https://siat.stat.uz/data/3338/?lang=en",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — sanatoriums",
          "value": "235",
          "segment": "collective accommodation",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (SIAT)",
          "url": "https://siat.stat.uz/data/3338/?lang=en",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — hotels and accommodation establishments",
          "value": "1,792",
          "segment": "activity code 55",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Statistical Committee of Armenia (Armstat)",
          "url": "https://statbank.armstat.am/pxweb/en/ArmStatBank/ArmStatBank__4%20Transport%20and%20tourism__43%20Tourism/TT-tu-1-2025.px/",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — of which in Yerevan",
          "value": "794",
          "segment": "Yerevan city",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Statistical Committee of Armenia (Armstat)",
          "url": "https://statbank.armstat.am/pxweb/en/ArmStatBank/ArmStatBank__4%20Transport%20and%20tourism__43%20Tourism/TT-tu-1-2025.px/",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "revenue",
      "title": "Revenue: what the hotel sector earns",
      "note": "Values are in the currency each office reports; nothing is converted. Kazakhstan reports a half-year (January–June 2026), the others a full year. Georgia's turnover is by activity (NACE I55 accommodation, I56 food service), not by hotel.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — revenue of hotels and hotel-type establishments",
          "value": "AZN 653.0M",
          "segment": "all hotels",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_1.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — of which room sales",
          "value": "AZN 403.8M",
          "segment": "rooms",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_6.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — of which food and beverage",
          "value": "AZN 177.4M",
          "segment": "hotel F&B",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_6.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — revenue of hotels in Baku",
          "value": "AZN 399.9M",
          "segment": "Baku city",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/005_9.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — turnover, accommodation (NACE I55)",
          "value": "GEL 1,661.7M",
          "segment": "activity perimeter",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://geostat.ge/media/83171/0504EN0201_Turnover.xlsx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — turnover, food and beverage service (NACE I56)",
          "value": "GEL 2,327.1M",
          "segment": "activity perimeter",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://geostat.ge/media/83171/0504EN0201_Turnover.xlsx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — turnover per person employed, accommodation",
          "value": "GEL 78.8K a year",
          "segment": "NACE I55",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://geostat.ge/media/83171/0504EN0201_Turnover.xlsx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — revenue of all places of accommodation",
          "value": "KZT 173.8B",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702693?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — revenue of hotels",
          "value": "KZT 151.2B",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702693?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — revenue of hotels with a restaurant",
          "value": "KZT 125.4B",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702693?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — revenue of hotels without a restaurant",
          "value": "KZT 25.8B",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702693?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — revenue of guest houses, cottages and apartments",
          "value": "KZT 11.8B",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702693?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — revenue of hotels and accommodation (excl. VAT)",
          "value": "AMD 79.6B",
          "segment": "activity code 55",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Statistical Committee of Armenia (Armstat)",
          "url": "https://statbank.armstat.am/pxweb/en/ArmStatBank/ArmStatBank__4%20Transport%20and%20tourism__43%20Tourism/TT-tu-1-2025.px/",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — of which in Yerevan",
          "value": "AMD 62.3B",
          "segment": "Yerevan city",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Statistical Committee of Armenia (Armstat)",
          "url": "https://statbank.armstat.am/pxweb/en/ArmStatBank/ArmStatBank__4%20Transport%20and%20tourism__43%20Tourism/TT-tu-1-2025.px/",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "guests",
      "title": "Who the guests are: foreign, domestic and business visitors",
      "note": "Guests are counted as persons accommodated (arrivals), not unique people. Uzbekistan's sanatoriums host more nights than its hotels — a separate, health-resort segment.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — guests in hotels, all",
          "value": "2.64M",
          "segment": "persons accommodated",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/005_6.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — foreign guests",
          "value": "1.58M",
          "segment": "foreign citizens and stateless persons",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/005_8.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — domestic guests",
          "value": "1.06M",
          "segment": "Azerbaijani citizens",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/005_7.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — guest nights, all",
          "value": "4.57M",
          "segment": "nights",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/005_3.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — guest nights in Baku",
          "value": "2.69M",
          "segment": "Baku city",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/005_3.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — non-resident visitors served",
          "value": "642,753",
          "segment": "all purposes · half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702692?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — of which on business",
          "value": "320,523",
          "segment": "business and professional purpose",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702692?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — non-resident visitors from Russia",
          "value": "185,629",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702692?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — non-resident visitors from outside the CIS",
          "value": "396,845",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702692?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — revenue from non-resident guests, all accommodation",
          "value": "KZT 40.6B",
          "segment": "half-year",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/702693?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — guests in hotels",
          "value": "2.79M",
          "segment": "hotels",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (SIAT)",
          "url": "https://siat.stat.uz/data/3340/?lang=en",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — guest nights in hotels",
          "value": "4.97M",
          "segment": "hotels",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (SIAT)",
          "url": "https://siat.stat.uz/data/3342/?lang=en",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — guest nights in sanatoriums",
          "value": "5.43M",
          "segment": "sanatoriums",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (SIAT)",
          "url": "https://siat.stat.uz/data/3342/?lang=en",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "occupancy",
      "title": "Kazakhstan: bed occupancy by hotel category",
      "note": "Share of bed-places occupied on the days the property operated, January–June 2026. Four-star hotels are left out: the record in the graph carries a 2021 value.",
      "chart": "bars",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "5-star hotels",
          "value": "37.5%",
          "segment": "bed-places",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/4647970?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "3-star hotels",
          "value": "27.9%",
          "segment": "bed-places",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/4647970?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "All places of accommodation",
          "value": "23.8%",
          "segment": "benchmark",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/4647970?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Unclassified hotels",
          "value": "23.1%",
          "segment": "bed-places",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/4647970?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Other accommodation",
          "value": "22.3%",
          "segment": "bed-places",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/4647970?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "2-star hotels",
          "value": "14.7%",
          "segment": "bed-places",
          "period": "Jan–Jun 2026",
          "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan (Taldau)",
          "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/4647970?periodId=9",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "costs-staff",
      "title": "Staff and costs: who works in hotels and what they cost",
      "note": "Headcounts follow each office's perimeter (hotels only in Azerbaijan; activity code 55 in Armenia; tourism-industry legal entities in Uzbekistan). Azerbaijan's cost lines come from the same hotel income-and-expense table as its revenue.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — employees of hotels",
          "value": "16,259",
          "segment": "hotels and hotel-type establishments",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_1.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — hotel wage costs",
          "value": "AZN 173.5M",
          "segment": "a year",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_6.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — hotel production costs",
          "value": "AZN 535.1M",
          "segment": "costs of producing goods and services",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_1.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — hotel rent payments",
          "value": "AZN 10.0M",
          "segment": "a year",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan",
          "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_6.xls",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — persons employed in hotels",
          "value": "29,082",
          "segment": "hotels and hotel-type enterprises",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — persons employed, accommodation (NACE I55)",
          "value": "21,088",
          "segment": "activity perimeter",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://geostat.ge/media/83173/0504EN0203_Number-of-persons-employed.xlsx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — share of women among hotel employees",
          "value": "53.3%",
          "segment": "hotels",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — average monthly employees, accommodation",
          "value": "9,075",
          "segment": "activity code 55",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Statistical Committee of Armenia (Armstat)",
          "url": "https://statbank.armstat.am/pxweb/en/ArmStatBank/ArmStatBank__4%20Transport%20and%20tourism__43%20Tourism/TT-tu-1-2025.px/",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — employees, accommodation services",
          "value": "69,016",
          "segment": "legal entities",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan (SIAT)",
          "url": "https://siat.stat.uz/data/3333/?lang=en",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — monthly pay, accommodation (NACE I55)",
          "value": "GEL 1,833.5",
          "segment": "employees",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://geostat.ge/media/83175/0504EN0205_Average-monthly-earnings-of-employed-persons.xlsx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — monthly pay in hotels and restaurants, small enterprises",
          "value": "GEL 903.8",
          "segment": "small enterprises",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://geostat.ge/media/83175/0504EN0205_Average-monthly-earnings-of-employed-persons.xlsx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — monthly pay in hotels and restaurants, large enterprises",
          "value": "GEL 2,148.3",
          "segment": "large enterprises",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Geostat (National Statistics Office of Georgia)",
          "url": "https://geostat.ge/media/83175/0504EN0205_Average-monthly-earnings-of-employed-persons.xlsx",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "wages",
      "title": "Hospitality pay against the national average (US$ a month)",
      "note": "ILOSTAT harmonised series, average monthly earnings of employees in US dollars. Latest year differs by country (2022 or 2023). In all five countries hotels and restaurants pay below the national average.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — accommodation and food service",
          "value": "$593",
          "segment": "ISIC I · US$ a month",
          "period": "2022",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/KAZ.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — all economic activities",
          "value": "$673",
          "segment": "all activities · US$ a month",
          "period": "2022",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/KAZ.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — accommodation and food service",
          "value": "$400",
          "segment": "ISIC I · US$ a month",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/ARM.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — all economic activities",
          "value": "$405",
          "segment": "all activities · US$ a month",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/ARM.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — accommodation and food service",
          "value": "$388",
          "segment": "ISIC I · US$ a month",
          "period": "2022",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/AZE.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Azerbaijan — all economic activities",
          "value": "$494",
          "segment": "all activities · US$ a month",
          "period": "2022",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/AZE.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — accommodation and food service",
          "value": "$276",
          "segment": "ISIC I · US$ a month",
          "period": "2022",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/UZB.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Uzbekistan — all economic activities",
          "value": "$351",
          "segment": "all activities · US$ a month",
          "period": "2022",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/UZB.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — accommodation and food service",
          "value": "$317",
          "segment": "ISIC I · US$ a month",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/GEO.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — all economic activities",
          "value": "$330",
          "segment": "all activities · US$ a month",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EAR_EMTA_SEX_ECO_CUR_NB,1.0/GEO.A..SEX_T.ECO_ISIC4_I+ECO_ISIC4_TOTAL.CUR_TYPE_USD?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "workforce",
      "title": "Workforce profile: women, young workers and informal jobs",
      "note": "ILOSTAT harmonised labour-force data for accommodation and food service (ISIC I). Informal employment is shown for food and beverage service (ISIC I56).",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Georgia — women in the hospitality workforce",
          "value": "59.9%",
          "segment": "ISIC I, employed 15+",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_AGE_ECO_NB,1.0/GEO.A.EMP_TEMP_NB..AGE_YTHADULT_YGE15.ECO_ISIC4_I?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — women in the hospitality workforce",
          "value": "52.4%",
          "segment": "ISIC I, employed 15+",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_AGE_ECO_NB,1.0/ARM.A.EMP_TEMP_NB..AGE_YTHADULT_YGE15.ECO_ISIC4_I?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kyrgyzstan — women in the hospitality workforce",
          "value": "52.9%",
          "segment": "ISIC I, employed 15+",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_AGE_ECO_NB,1.0/KGZ.A.EMP_TEMP_NB..AGE_YTHADULT_YGE15.ECO_ISIC4_I?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kyrgyzstan — workers aged 15–24",
          "value": "26.4%",
          "segment": "ISIC I",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_AGE_ECO_NB,1.0/KGZ.A.EMP_TEMP_NB.SEX_T..ECO_ISIC4_I?startPeriod=2022&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — workers aged 15–24",
          "value": "18.6%",
          "segment": "ISIC I",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_AGE_ECO_NB,1.0/GEO.A.EMP_TEMP_NB.SEX_T..ECO_ISIC4_I?startPeriod=2022&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Armenia — workers aged 55+",
          "value": "29.5%",
          "segment": "ISIC I",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_AGE_ECO_NB,1.0/ARM.A.EMP_TEMP_NB.SEX_T..ECO_ISIC4_I?startPeriod=2022&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — tourism-industry workers on 49+ hours a week",
          "value": "24.0%",
          "segment": "tourism industries",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TOUR_SEX_HOW_NB,1.0/GEO.A.EMP_TOUR_NB.SEX_T.?startPeriod=2021&format=csvfile",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia — informal employment, food and beverage service",
          "value": "40.4%",
          "segment": "ISIC I56",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_NIFL_SEX_EC2_RT/GEO.A.EMP_NIFL_RT.SEX_T.EC2_ISIC4_I56",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kyrgyzstan — informal employment, food and beverage service",
          "value": "90.6%",
          "segment": "ISIC I56",
          "period": "2023",
          "source": "ILOSTAT",
          "url": "https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_NIFL_SEX_EC2_RT/KGZ.A.EMP_NIFL_RT.SEX_T.EC2_ISIC4_I56",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "rules",
      "title": "Rules that change a small hotel's paperwork (Kazakhstan)",
      "note": "Verified tier-1 rules from the Atlas rule layer. Kazakhstan's 2026 Tax Code lowered the VAT registration threshold, which pulls more small guest houses and hotels into VAT.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — mandatory VAT registration threshold",
          "value": "10,000 MRP (KZT 40M) annual turnover",
          "segment": "lowered from 20,000 MRP (KZT 80M) · sole proprietors and companies",
          "period": "in force from 2026-01-01",
          "source": "Office of the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan",
          "url": "https://primeminister.kz/assets/media/ism-po-ser-za-1-polugodie-2025-goda-rus-docx.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Kazakhstan — standard VAT rate",
          "value": "16%",
          "segment": "Tax Code 2026 · all VAT payers",
          "period": "in force from 2026-01-01",
          "source": "Office of the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan",
          "url": "https://primeminister.kz/assets/media/ism-po-ser-za-1-polugodie-2025-goda-rus-docx.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "reconciliation": {
    "title": "Why the hotel counts and revenues do not line up across the five countries",
    "body": "Each office draws the line in a different place. Kazakhstan counts every place of accommodation — hotels, guest houses, hostels, rest houses and children's camps — and reports by half-year, so its revenue covers January–June 2026, not a full year. Uzbekistan counts collective accommodation and lists sanatoriums separately, which is why sanatoriums show more guest nights than hotels. Azerbaijan counts hotels and hotel-type establishments both as enterprises (837) and as properties (885). Armenia uses activity code 55, which includes all accommodation businesses. Georgia publishes the hotel census (2024) and, separately, turnover and pay by activity for 2025 (NACE I55 accommodation and I56 food service), so the hotel headcount (29,082) and the I55 headcount (21,088) measure different perimeters. Wages come from ILOSTAT in US dollars and the latest year is 2022 for Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and 2023 for Armenia and Georgia. Read each country row on its own terms; compare countries only on the ILOSTAT rows, which share one method.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "source": "Geostat — Information on hotels and hotel-type enterprises 2024",
        "url": "https://www.geostat.ge/media/72876/Information-on-hotels-and-hotel-type-enterprises---2024.pdf"
      },
      {
        "source": "State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan — tourism tables",
        "url": "https://www.stat.gov.az/source/tourism/az/003_1.xls"
      },
      {
        "source": "Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan — Taldau, form 2-tourism",
        "url": "https://taldau.stat.gov.kz/ru/NewIndex/GetIndex/4647970?periodId=9"
      },
      {
        "source": "Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan — SIAT",
        "url": "https://siat.stat.uz/data/3342/?lang=en"
      },
      {
        "source": "Armstat — Tourism, hotels by marzes",
        "url": "https://statbank.armstat.am/pxweb/en/ArmStatBank/ArmStatBank__4%20Transport%20and%20tourism__43%20Tourism/TT-tu-1-2025.px/"
      },
      {
        "source": "ILOSTAT — earnings and employment by economic activity",
        "url": "https://ilostat.ilo.org/"
      }
    ]
  },
  "methodology": "Every number on this page is a fact node in the God of Startups Atlas — a knowledge graph where each metric carries its source URL, reporting period, evidence tier and the verbatim quote it was taken from. All rows are tier 1: national statistics offices of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Armenia, ILOSTAT, and the Government of Kazakhstan for the tax rules. Values are shown in the currency the source reports; nothing is converted, estimated or modelled — only rounded (thousands to millions or billions).",
  "metaTitle": "Caucasus and Central Asia Hotel Market 2026: Rooms, Guests",
  "metaDescription": "Georgia has 2,662 hotels with 51.2K rooms (2024); Azerbaijan's hotels earned AZN 653.0M in 2025, 1.58M of 2.64M guests foreign; Kazakhstan: KZT 173.8B.",
  "cite": "God of Startups Atlas (2026). Caucasus and Central Asia Hotel Market 2026: Hotels, Rooms, Revenue, Guests and Staff in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Armenia. https://godofstartups.com/atlas/caucasus-central-asia-hotels — data: Geostat, State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, Bureau of National Statistics of Kazakhstan, Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan, Armstat, ILOSTAT. Licence: CC BY 4.0.",
  "page": "https://godofstartups.com/atlas/caucasus-central-asia-hotels",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "note": "Each row carries its primary source, period and evidence tier (1 = official/statutory, 2 = industry research with disclosed method)."
}