{ "slug": "europe-short-term-rentals", "question": "How big is the short-term rental market in Europe, who are the hosts, what does a stay earn, and what do the new EU registration rules change?", "title": "Short-Term Rentals in Europe 2026: Platform Nights by Country and City, Host Structure, Guest Spend and the New EU Registration Rules", "answer": { "headline": "Guests booked 951.6 million nights in EU-27 short-term rentals through online platforms in 2025, up from 854.1 million a year earlier; Spain (189.5M) and Italy (138.7M) lead. The average booking is 3.77 nights. Professional hosts are 13% of hosts but hold 45% of listings, and since 20 May 2026 an EU regulation sets a common online registration number and monthly platform data sharing.", "sample": "Eurostat platform data on short-stay accommodation booked via Airbnb, Booking.com, Expedia Group and Tripadvisor (2025), Eurostat structural business and tourism-demand statistics, INE Spain, Italian Ministry of Tourism, ELSTAT, the Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs, and the European Commission's impact assessment for Regulation (EU) 2024/1028", "verifiedAsOf": "2026-10-15" }, "sections": [ { "id": "size", "title": "Market size: nights booked through online platforms (EU-27 and largest countries)", "note": "Eurostat counts nights and stays booked through four large platforms (Airbnb, Booking.com, Expedia Group, Tripadvisor) in all short-stay accommodation offered via these platforms. Country rows are 2025 nights.", "rows": [ { "label": "EU-27 — nights booked via online short-stay platforms", "value": "951.6M", "segment": "all platform nights, 2025", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU-27 — nights booked via online short-stay platforms", "value": "854.1M", "segment": "previous year", "period": "2024", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=NR&time=2024&time=2025", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU-27 — annual growth of platform nights", "value": "10.9% a year", "segment": "compound growth 2019–2025", "period": "2019-2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oam, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_oam/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU-27 — guest stays booked via online platforms", "value": "85.4M", "segment": "stays (bookings), 2025", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "189.5M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Italy — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "138.7M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Germany — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "68.3M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Greece — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "52.1M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Portugal — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "49.5M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Poland — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "44.4M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Croatia — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "41.9M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Austria — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "24.8M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Netherlands — nights booked via online platforms", "value": "11.9M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&time=2024&time=2025&unit=NR&c_resid=TOTAL", "tier": 1 } ] }, { "id": "cities", "title": "Where demand concentrates: platform nights by city, 2025", "note": "Same Eurostat platform data at city level. Cities are as defined by Eurostat (some are 'greater city' areas).", "rows": [ { "label": "Paris (greater city)", "value": "26.3M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Rome", "value": "18.8M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Madrid (greater city)", "value": "12.3M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Málaga", "value": "7.5M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Seville", "value": "6.7M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Kraków", "value": "5.1M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Naples (greater city)", "value": "4.2M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Venice", "value": "4.1M", "segment": "platform nights", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_oarc, platform data by city)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_oarc?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_to=NGT_SP&c_resid=TOTAL&unit=NR&lastTimePeriod=2", "tier": 1 } ], "chart": "bars" }, { "id": "hosts", "title": "Who the host is: professional vs individual, channels, outsourcing", "note": "EU-level rows come from the European Commission's impact assessment (host survey and consultation, 2020–2021). They are the most recent EU-wide host portrait; national data (Estonia) shows the same tilt toward multi-unit hosts.", "rows": [ { "label": "Professional hosts as a share of all hosts", "value": "13%", "segment": "EU, hosts with more than two listings", "period": "2020", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Share of listings held by professional hosts", "value": "45%", "segment": "EU", "period": "2020", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Hosts offering accommodation in urban areas", "value": "63.1%", "segment": "EU host survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Hosts renting out rooms in their main residence", "value": "14.8%", "segment": "EU host survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Individual hosts listing on Airbnb", "value": "85%", "segment": "EU host survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Professional hosts listing on both Airbnb and Booking.com", "value": "33.8%", "segment": "EU host survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Hosts using only small platforms", "value": "8.6%", "segment": "EU host survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Hosts relying on word of mouth", "value": "19%", "segment": "EU host survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Hosts using or considering cleaning / property-management providers", "value": "39.2%", "segment": "EU host survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Service providers earning a significant part of revenue from hosts or platform referrals", "value": "83.4%", "segment": "EU provider survey", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Estonia — rental units whose host has two or more units", "value": "74%", "segment": "national study", "period": "2023", "source": "Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs, short-term rental study", "url": "https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2026-03/L%C3%9CT%20l%C3%B5pparuanne_muudetud_Jaan2026.pdf", "tier": 1 } ] }, { "id": "guest", "title": "What a stay looks like: length, party size, spend", "note": "Length of stay and party size come from Eurostat platform data (2025). Spend per night is per person and comes from the EU tourism-demand survey of residents; Spain's daily spend covers all spending of international tourists (INE EGATUR).", "rows": [ { "label": "EU-27 — nights per booking", "value": "3.77", "segment": "online platform stays", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omr, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_omr/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — nights per booking", "value": "4.64", "segment": "online platform stays", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omr, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_omr/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Portugal — nights per booking", "value": "4.47", "segment": "online platform stays", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omr, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_omr/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Poland — nights per booking", "value": "2.76", "segment": "online platform stays", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omr, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_omr/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Croatia — guests per rented night", "value": "3.41", "segment": "online platform stays", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omr, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_omr/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Germany — guests per rented night", "value": "2.55", "segment": "online platform stays", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omr, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_omr/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU — accommodation spend per night, trips booked via collaborative platforms", "value": "€50.19", "segment": "resident travellers, per person", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (tour_dem_exac, tourism demand survey)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_dem_exacw?format=JSON&lang=EN&purpose=TOTAL&yn_web=TOTAL&c_dest=WORLD&expend=ACCOM&trip_arr=TO_TA_OCP&unit=EUR&statinfo=AVG_NGT&geo=EU27_2020&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&lastTimePeriod=3", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU — accommodation spend per night in rented apartments, houses or rooms", "value": "€43.90", "segment": "resident travellers, per person", "period": "2024", "source": "Eurostat (tour_dem_exac, tourism demand survey)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_dem_exac?format=JSON&lang=EN&accommod=R_APT&duration=N_GE1&purpose=TOTAL&c_dest=WORLD&statinfo=AVG_NGT&unit=EUR&geo=EU27_2020&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&geo=UK&geo=CH&geo=NO&geo=GR&geo=UA&geo=RS&geo=MD&geo=AL&geo=MK&geo=BA&geo=ME&lastTimePeriod=3", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — daily spend of an international tourist in a rented dwelling", "value": "€162", "segment": "all spending, per person per day", "period": "2025", "source": "INE Spain, EGATUR", "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=23993", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — daily spend of an international tourist in a hotel", "value": "€266", "segment": "comparison: hotel guests", "period": "2025", "source": "INE Spain, EGATUR", "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=23993", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — platform nights by foreign guests", "value": "122.0M", "segment": "foreign guests", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=NR&time=2024&time=2025", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — platform nights by domestic guests", "value": "67.5M", "segment": "domestic guests", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=NR&time=2024&time=2025", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Poland — platform nights by foreign guests", "value": "17.2M", "segment": "foreign guests", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=NR&time=2024&time=2025", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Poland — platform nights by domestic guests", "value": "27.2M", "segment": "domestic guests outnumber foreign", "period": "2025", "source": "Eurostat (tour_ce_omn12, platform data)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/tour_ce_omn12?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=NR&time=2024&time=2025", "tier": 1 } ] }, { "id": "supply", "title": "Supply and registration: dwellings, ID codes, industry", "note": "Spain and Italy publish counts of registered or advertised tourist rental units; Greece publishes its short-term rental registry. The NACE I55.2 rows are the formal industry (holiday and short-stay accommodation enterprises), which is not the same as all private hosts.", "rows": [ { "label": "Spain — tourist dwellings advertised on platforms", "value": "341,001", "segment": "May 2026", "period": "May 2026", "source": "INE Spain, experimental statistics on tourist dwellings", "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=39364", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — decline in tourist dwellings on platforms, year on year", "value": "10.69%", "segment": "May 2026 vs May 2025", "period": "May 2026", "source": "INE Spain, experimental statistics on tourist dwellings", "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=39364", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Madrid region — decline in tourist dwellings on platforms, year on year", "value": "27.62%", "segment": "May 2026 vs May 2025", "period": "May 2026", "source": "INE Spain, experimental statistics on tourist dwellings", "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=39364", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — guest places per tourist dwelling", "value": "5.03", "segment": "May 2026", "period": "May 2026", "source": "INE Spain, experimental statistics on tourist dwellings", "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=39364", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Italy — national ID codes (CIN) issued to accommodation and rental units", "value": "667,690", "segment": "October 2026", "period": "Oct 2026", "source": "Italian Ministry of Tourism (BDSR)", "url": "https://bdsr.ministeroturismo.gov.it/mappa-italia", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Italy — registered units holding a national ID code", "value": "88.5%", "segment": "April 2026", "period": "Apr 2026", "source": "Italian Ministry of Tourism (BDSR)", "url": "https://www.ministeroturismo.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Infografica-Aprile-2026.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Greece — rental establishments with a finalised registry entry", "value": "207,572", "segment": "2024", "period": "2024", "source": "ELSTAT (Hellenic Statistical Authority)", "url": "https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/a218f2af-260e-19a0-3718-e267ac3427cf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU-27 — enterprises in holiday and short-stay accommodation (NACE I55.2)", "value": "239,616", "segment": "industry, all sizes", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU-27 — turnover of holiday and short-stay accommodation (NACE I55.2)", "value": "€36.3bn", "segment": "industry", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "EU-27 — bed places in holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "8.3M", "segment": "registered establishments", "period": "2024", "source": "Eurostat (tour_cap_nat)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_cap_nat/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 } ] }, { "id": "economics", "title": "Operator economics: margins and income per unit", "note": "Gross operating rate is gross operating surplus as a share of turnover for enterprises in NACE I55.2 (2023). Estonian rows describe all platform hosts reported to the tax authority; Tallinn occupancy and rate are from AirDNA listing data compiled in the same government study.", "rows": [ { "label": "Ireland — gross operating rate, holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "41.7%", "segment": "gross operating rate, NACE I55.2", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Portugal — gross operating rate, holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "34.95%", "segment": "gross operating rate, NACE I55.2", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Germany — gross operating rate, holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "28.83%", "segment": "gross operating rate, NACE I55.2", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Italy — gross operating rate, holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "26.22%", "segment": "gross operating rate, NACE I55.2", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Spain — gross operating rate, holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "21.85%", "segment": "gross operating rate, NACE I55.2", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Netherlands — gross operating rate, holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "16.49%", "segment": "gross operating rate, NACE I55.2", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "France — gross operating rate, holiday and short-stay accommodation", "value": "6.62%", "segment": "gross operating rate, NACE I55.2", "period": "2023", "source": "Eurostat (sbs_sc_ovw, structural business statistics)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_sc_ovw/default/table?lang=en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Estonia — average annual rental income per unit", "value": "€5,900", "segment": "host income, per unit", "period": "2023", "source": "Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs, short-term rental study", "url": "https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2026-03/L%C3%9CT%20l%C3%B5pparuanne_muudetud_Jaan2026.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Estonia — average annual rental income per operator", "value": "€9,200", "segment": "host income, per operator", "period": "2023", "source": "Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs, short-term rental study", "url": "https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2026-03/L%C3%9CT%20l%C3%B5pparuanne_muudetud_Jaan2026.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Tallinn — average occupancy", "value": "55%", "segment": "active listings · AirDNA data compiled in a government study", "period": "Mar 2024–Feb 2025", "source": "Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs, short-term rental study", "url": "https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2026-03/L%C3%9CT%20l%C3%B5pparuanne_muudetud_Jaan2026.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Tallinn — average daily rate", "value": "$90", "segment": "active listings · AirDNA data compiled in a government study", "period": "Mar 2024–Feb 2025", "source": "Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs, short-term rental study", "url": "https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2026-03/L%C3%9CT%20l%C3%B5pparuanne_muudetud_Jaan2026.pdf", "tier": 1 } ] }, { "id": "compliance", "title": "Compliance cost and platform concentration", "note": "Commission estimates from the impact assessment for Regulation (EU) 2024/1028. The cost per registration is host time monetised at an average wage, not a fee.", "rows": [ { "label": "Cost of a new host registration today (time, monetised)", "value": "€3,000", "segment": "EU impact assessment estimate", "period": "2022", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Same, under harmonised online registration", "value": "€320", "segment": "EU impact assessment estimate", "period": "2022", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Registration waiting time in best-practice systems", "value": "1.4–1.7 days", "segment": "Portugal, Greece benchmark", "period": "2022", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Public authorities saying they need reliable rental data", "value": "72 of 80", "segment": "EU consultation", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Online short-term rental platforms operating in the EU", "value": "710", "segment": "", "period": "2022", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Share of guest nights booked via the four largest platforms", "value": "83%", "segment": "Airbnb, Booking.com, Expedia Group, Tripadvisor", "period": "2019", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "France — drop in listings after unregistered units were delisted", "value": "10–40%", "segment": "10 tourist cities", "period": "2021", "source": "European Commission, Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Greece — share of rental days falling in June–October", "value": "60.8%", "segment": "seasonality", "period": "2024", "source": "ELSTAT (Hellenic Statistical Authority)", "url": "https://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/a218f2af-260e-19a0-3718-e267ac3427cf", "tier": 1 } ] }, { "id": "rules", "title": "Rules that shape the product", "note": "Verified rules from the European Commission.", "rows": [ { "label": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1028: common framework for collecting and sharing data from hosts and short-term rental platforms", "value": "in force", "segment": "opt-in: applies where a Member State runs a registration scheme or requests platform data", "period": "since 20 May 2026", "source": "European Commission", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/new-rules-bring-increased-transparency-short-term-rentals-sector-2026-05-20_en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Registration number: fully online registration, a unique number per property; platforms must display and verify it and run random checks for illegal listings", "value": "in force", "segment": "where a Member State opts in", "period": "since 20 May 2026", "source": "European Commission", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/new-rules-bring-increased-transparency-short-term-rentals-sector-2026-05-20_en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Platforms send monthly data on stays and nights to authorities through a Single Digital Entry Point", "value": "in force", "segment": "lighter regime for small and micro platforms", "period": "since 20 May 2026", "source": "European Commission", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/new-rules-bring-increased-transparency-short-term-rentals-sector-2026-05-20_en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Booking.com designated a gatekeeper under the Digital Markets Act", "value": "in force", "segment": "all relevant DMA obligations apply", "period": "since 14 Nov 2024", "source": "European Commission, DMA", "url": "https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/booking-must-comply-all-relevant-obligations-under-digital-markets-act-2024-11-14_en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Booking.com must let accommodation providers offer better prices and conditions on their own website and other channels", "value": "in force", "segment": "DMA anti-parity obligation", "period": "since 14 Nov 2024", "source": "European Commission, DMA", "url": "https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/booking-must-comply-all-relevant-obligations-under-digital-markets-act-2024-11-14_en", "tier": 1 }, { "label": "Booking.com must give accommodation providers real-time access to their platform data and let users port data to rival platforms", "value": "in force", "segment": "DMA data obligations", "period": "since 14 Nov 2024", "source": "European Commission, DMA", "url": "https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/booking-must-comply-all-relevant-obligations-under-digital-markets-act-2024-11-14_en", "tier": 1 } ] } ], "reconciliation": { "title": "Why short-term rental numbers from different sources disagree", "body": "Four perimeters are mixed in public debate. First, platform data versus the industry: Eurostat's platform series counts nights booked through four large platforms in any private or professional unit, while NACE I55.2 counts registered enterprises in holiday and short-stay accommodation — many private hosts are not enterprises, and many I55.2 enterprises (campsite-style holiday parks, hostels) are not platform listings. Second, nights versus stays versus unit-nights: a stay is one booking, nights multiply it by length, and city-level unit-nights count rented nights per unit rather than per guest. Third, advertised versus registered: Spain's INE counts dwellings advertised on platforms in a given month, Italy counts ID codes issued and Greece counts registry entries — each answers a different question about supply. Fourth, timing: the EU-wide host portrait comes from the Commission's 2020–2021 survey work and predates the 2024/1028 registration regime, so shares of professional hosts and channel use should be read as the starting point, not today's market.", "sources": [ { "source": "Eurostat — short-stay accommodation booked via online platforms (tour_ce_*)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tour_ce_oam/default/table?lang=en" }, { "source": "European Commission — Impact Assessment SWD(2022) 350", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/SWD_2022_350_2_EN_impact_assessment_part1_v1.pdf" }, { "source": "INE Spain — tourist dwellings (experimental statistics)", "url": "https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=39364" }, { "source": "Italian Ministry of Tourism — BDSR map", "url": "https://bdsr.ministeroturismo.gov.it/mappa-italia" }, { "source": "European Commission — new rules for short-term rentals, 20 May 2026", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/new-rules-bring-increased-transparency-short-term-rentals-sector-2026-05-20_en" } ] }, "methodology": "Every number on this page is a fact node in the God of Startups Atlas — a knowledge graph where each metric carries its source URL, reporting period, evidence tier and the verbatim quote it was taken from. All rows here are tier 1: official statistics (Eurostat, INE, ELSTAT), ministries and the European Commission. Values are shown in the currency the source reports; nothing is converted, estimated or modelled.", "metaTitle": "Short-Term Rentals in Europe 2026: Nights, Hosts, EU Rules", "metaDescription": "951.6M nights booked in EU-27 short-term rentals via platforms in 2025 (Spain 189.5M, Italy 138.7M); professional hosts are 13% of hosts, 45% of listings.", "cite": "God of Startups Atlas (2026). Short-Term Rentals in Europe 2026: Platform Nights by Country and City, Host Structure, Guest Spend and the New EU Registration Rules. https://godofstartups.com/atlas/europe-short-term-rentals — data: Eurostat, European Commission, INE. Licence: CC BY 4.0.", "page": "https://godofstartups.com/atlas/europe-short-term-rentals", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "note": "Each row carries its primary source, period and evidence tier (1 = official/statutory, 2 = industry research with disclosed method)." }