{
  "slug": "turkey-hotel-market",
  "question": "How big is the hotel market in Turkey, who are the guests and the hotel companies, and what does it take to sell software to them?",
  "title": "Turkey Hotel Market 2026: Tourism Income, Occupancy by Hotel Type, Guest Mix, Hotel Company Margins and OTA Dependence",
  "answer": {
    "headline": "Türkiye earned $65.2B from tourism in 2025, of which visitors spent $6.98B on accommodation; licensed accommodation sold 252.3M guest-nights, 44.1% of them in Antalya. The buyer is 17,637 accommodation companies that made a 25.1% gross margin but a net loss of TRY 74.8B after TRY 230.1B in currency losses — and 88.7% of those selling online sell through OTAs.",
    "sample": "TÜİK tourism statistics (2025, Q2 2026); Ministry of Culture and Tourism accommodation bulletin and Istanbul reports (2025–mid 2026); Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye sector accounts for 17,637 accommodation companies (2025); Eurostat enterprise and household surveys for Türkiye (accommodation enterprises with 10+ employees, 2024–2025); EC business survey (2026); Eurostat HICP (September 2026)",
    "verifiedAsOf": "2026-10-19"
  },
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "size",
      "title": "Market size: tourism income, accommodation spend and guest volume",
      "note": "TÜİK measures what departing visitors spent; the Ministry counts guests and nights in licensed accommodation only. Accommodation is the visitor's spend on the room, a slice of total tourism income.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Tourism income of Türkiye",
          "value": "$65.2B",
          "segment": "all visitors incl. citizens resident abroad",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute)",
          "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58143",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Visitor spending on accommodation",
          "value": "$6.98B",
          "segment": "room spend only",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute)",
          "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58143",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Foreign visitors arriving",
          "value": "52.8M",
          "segment": "border arrivals",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Istanbul directorate",
          "url": "https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/144393,aralik-2025-t-rizm-istatistik-rapor-pdf.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Guest-nights in licensed accommodation",
          "value": "252.3M",
          "segment": "Ministry-licensed establishments",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Foreign guest arrivals at licensed accommodation",
          "value": "48.8M",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Domestic guest arrivals at licensed accommodation",
          "value": "50.2M",
          "segment": "Türkiye residents",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Tourism income, latest quarter",
          "value": "$15.9B",
          "segment": "down 2.6% year on year",
          "period": "2026-Q2",
          "source": "TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute)",
          "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58143",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Visitor accommodation spending, latest quarter",
          "value": "+11.7% y/y",
          "segment": "while total tourism income fell",
          "period": "2026-Q2",
          "source": "TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute)",
          "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58143",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "occupancy",
      "title": "Bed occupancy by hotel type and province",
      "note": "Bed occupancy in Ministry-licensed accommodation (beds, not rooms). One methodology across types and provinces.",
      "chart": "bars",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Holiday villages",
          "value": "68.2%",
          "segment": "highest type",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "5-star hotels",
          "value": "61.0%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "4-star hotels",
          "value": "54.0%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Boutique hotels",
          "value": "42.3%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "3-star hotels",
          "value": "42.2%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Simple-certificate hotels",
          "value": "41.5%",
          "segment": "municipal licence",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Thermal hotels",
          "value": "40.7%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "2-star hotels",
          "value": "38.7%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "1-star hotels",
          "value": "37.8%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Simple-certificate guesthouses",
          "value": "33.5%",
          "segment": "lowest type",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "provinces",
      "title": "Where the nights are: provinces and Istanbul",
      "note": "Antalya alone holds 44.1% of all guest-nights in licensed accommodation. Istanbul figures come from the Ministry's Istanbul directorate.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Antalya — share of Türkiye guest-nights",
          "value": "44.1%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Antalya — guest-nights",
          "value": "111.3M",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Antalya — bed occupancy",
          "value": "66.3%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Muğla (Bodrum, Marmaris) — guest-nights",
          "value": "24.7M",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Muğla — bed occupancy",
          "value": "50.0%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Aydın — bed occupancy",
          "value": "52.3%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Ankara — bed occupancy",
          "value": "41.5%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "İzmir — bed occupancy",
          "value": "38.5%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Istanbul — guest-nights",
          "value": "40.1M",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Istanbul directorate",
          "url": "https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/150269,haziran-2026-t-rizm-istatistik-rapor-docx.docx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Istanbul — licensed facilities",
          "value": "3,156",
          "segment": "Ministry-certified",
          "period": "2026-06",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Istanbul directorate",
          "url": "https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/150269,haziran-2026-t-rizm-istatistik-rapor-docx.docx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Istanbul — beds",
          "value": "258,656",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2026-06",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Istanbul directorate",
          "url": "https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/150269,haziran-2026-t-rizm-istatistik-rapor-docx.docx",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Istanbul — occupancy, latest month",
          "value": "54.5%",
          "segment": "monthly",
          "period": "2026-05",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Istanbul directorate",
          "url": "https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/150269,haziran-2026-t-rizm-istatistik-rapor-docx.docx",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "guests",
      "title": "Who the guest is and what they spend",
      "note": "Guest mix in licensed accommodation and visitor spend. Domestic guests are a large, short-stay segment; foreign guests stay longer.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Domestic guests — share of guest-nights",
          "value": "38.7%",
          "segment": "Türkiye residents",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Germany residents — share of guest-nights",
          "value": "21.9%",
          "segment": "largest foreign market",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "CIS countries — share of foreign guest arrivals",
          "value": "22.5%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Asia — share of foreign guest arrivals",
          "value": "12.6%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Foreign share of guest-nights — Antalya",
          "value": "84.4%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Foreign share of guest-nights — Istanbul",
          "value": "71.8%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Foreign share of guest-nights — Ankara",
          "value": "18.0%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Average stay — foreign guests",
          "value": "3.17 nights",
          "segment": "per accommodation stay",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Average stay — domestic guests",
          "value": "1.94 nights",
          "segment": "per accommodation stay",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, accommodation statistics",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Visitor spend per night",
          "value": "$100",
          "segment": "all visitors, all spending",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute)",
          "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58143",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Visitor spend per trip, latest quarter",
          "value": "$1,005",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2026-Q2",
          "source": "TÜİK (Turkish Statistical Institute)",
          "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58143",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Residents who cannot afford a week's holiday away",
          "value": "50.5%",
          "segment": "all households",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_mdes02?format=JSON&lang=EN&hhcomp=TOTAL&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=4",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "buyers",
      "title": "Who buys hotel software: companies, margins and losses",
      "note": "Central bank sector accounts for incorporated accommodation companies (NACE 55). Size classes follow the central bank's definitions. Values in Turkish lira are rounded from thousands.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Accommodation companies",
          "value": "17,637",
          "segment": "all size classes",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Micro companies",
          "value": "12,454",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Small companies",
          "value": "3,834",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Medium-sized companies",
          "value": "1,014",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Large companies",
          "value": "335",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Gross margin — all accommodation",
          "value": "25.1%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Gross margin — hotels (NACE 55.1)",
          "value": "30.8%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Gross margin — micro companies",
          "value": "33.2%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Gross margin — large companies",
          "value": "23.6%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Net profit margin — all accommodation",
          "value": "-6.26%",
          "segment": "net loss",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Net result — all accommodation",
          "value": "TRY -74.8B",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Foreign-exchange losses",
          "value": "TRY 230.1B",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Financing expenses",
          "value": "TRY 99.3B",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "distribution",
      "title": "How hotels sell: OTAs, own websites and what selling costs",
      "note": "Eurostat enterprise survey covers accommodation enterprises with 10+ employees; shares of 'web sellers' are of those that sell online. Marketing cost shares come from central bank company accounts.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Accommodation enterprises selling online",
          "value": "62.3%",
          "segment": "10+ employees",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_eseln2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&indic_is=E_AWSELL&unit=PC_ENT&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Web sellers using OTAs / marketplaces",
          "value": "88.7%",
          "segment": "of web sellers",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_eseln2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&indic_is=E_AWS_CMP&unit=PC_ENT_AWSELL&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Web sellers getting 20%+ of web sales via OTAs",
          "value": "86.0%",
          "segment": "of web sellers",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_eseln2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&unit=PC_ENT_AWSELL&indic_is=E_AWS_CMP_GE20&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Web sellers selling only via OTAs, no own site or app",
          "value": "39.2%",
          "segment": "of web sellers",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_eseln2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&indic_is=E_AWS_CMPQ&unit=PC_ENT_AWSELL&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Web sellers with their own website or app",
          "value": "60.8%",
          "segment": "of web sellers",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_eseln2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&indic_is=E_AWS_COWN&unit=PC_ENT_AWSELL&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "E-commerce at least 1% of turnover",
          "value": "44.4%",
          "segment": "10+ employees",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_eseln2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&indic_is=E_ESELL&unit=PC_ENT&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Marketing, selling and distribution cost — all accommodation",
          "value": "3.15%",
          "segment": "share of net sales",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Marketing, selling and distribution cost — holiday and short-stay (NACE 55.2)",
          "value": "5.99%",
          "segment": "share of net sales",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, company accounts",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Hotels in a competition-authority sample working with Booking.com",
          "value": "59 of 60",
          "segment": "sample of 60 facilities",
          "period": "2017",
          "source": "Turkish Competition Authority",
          "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/Dosya/rekabet-bulteni/65temmuz2017.pdf",
          "tier": 1,
          "stale": true
        },
        {
          "label": "Residents who bought accommodation online in the last 3 months",
          "value": "4.7%",
          "segment": "individuals 16–74",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_ec_ibgs?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_is=I_BRA&unit=PC_IND&ind_type=IND_TOTAL&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=4",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "technology",
      "title": "Technology readiness and the hotelier's own view of constraints",
      "note": "AI and ICT-incident shares: Eurostat, accommodation enterprises with 10+ employees. Barrier shares are of enterprises that considered AI but do not use it. Constraint shares: EC business survey of accommodation firms.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Use at least one AI technology",
          "value": "13%",
          "segment": "10+ employees",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_eb_ain2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&unit=PC_ENT&indic_is=E_AI_TANY&size_emp=GE10&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Use AI for marketing or sales",
          "value": "7.6%",
          "segment": "10+ employees",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_eb_ain2?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_is=E_AI_PMS&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&unit=PC_ENT&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=3",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Ever considered using AI",
          "value": "14.0%",
          "segment": "10+ employees",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_eb_ain2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&unit=PC_ENT&indic_is=E_AI_EC&size_emp=GE10&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Barrier: lack of relevant expertise",
          "value": "82.5%",
          "segment": "of those that considered AI",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_eb_ain2?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_is=E_AI_BLE&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&unit=PC_ENT_AI_EC&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=2",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Barrier: incompatibility with existing systems",
          "value": "71.7%",
          "segment": "of those that considered AI",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_eb_ain2?format=JSON&lang=EN&indic_is=E_AI_BINC&nace_r2=I55&size_emp=GE10&unit=PC_ENT_AI_EC&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=2",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Barrier: costs seem too high",
          "value": "69.0%",
          "segment": "of those that considered AI",
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_eb_ain2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&unit=PC_ENT_AI_EC&indic_is=E_AI_BCST&size_emp=GE10&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Had any ICT security incident",
          "value": "29.5%",
          "segment": "10+ employees",
          "period": "2024",
          "source": "Eurostat",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/isoc_cisce_icn2?format=JSON&lang=EN&nace_r2=I55&unit=PC_ENT&indic_is=E_SEC2IANY&size_emp=GE10&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=5",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Insufficient demand as main limit on business",
          "value": "19.4%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2026-Q2",
          "source": "European Commission DG ECFIN business surveys",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/surveys/documents/series/nace2_ecfin_2609/services_subsectors_nsa_nace2.zip",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Financial constraints as main limit",
          "value": "10.9%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2026-Q2",
          "source": "European Commission DG ECFIN business surveys",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/surveys/documents/series/nace2_ecfin_2609/services_subsectors_nsa_nace2.zip",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Labour shortage as main limit",
          "value": "1.8%",
          "segment": "",
          "period": "2026-Q2",
          "source": "European Commission DG ECFIN business surveys",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/surveys/documents/series/nace2_ecfin_2609/services_subsectors_nsa_nace2.zip",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "prices",
      "title": "Prices: hotel and restaurant inflation against the whole basket",
      "note": "Harmonised consumer prices, annual rate of change. Software priced in lira loses real value at these rates; priced in euros or dollars it becomes more expensive for the hotel every month.",
      "chart": "bars",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Restaurants and accommodation services",
          "value": "33.3%",
          "segment": "year on year",
          "period": "2026-09",
          "source": "Eurostat HICP",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/prc_hicp_minr?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=RCH_A&coicop18=CP11&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Food and beverage serving services",
          "value": "33.9%",
          "segment": "year on year",
          "period": "2026-09",
          "source": "Eurostat HICP",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/prc_hicp_minr?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=RCH_A&coicop18=CP111&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Accommodation services",
          "value": "31.1%",
          "segment": "year on year",
          "period": "2026-09",
          "source": "Eurostat HICP",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/prc_hicp_minr?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=RCH_A&coicop18=CP112&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "All items",
          "value": "30.7%",
          "segment": "benchmark",
          "period": "2026-09",
          "source": "Eurostat HICP",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/prc_hicp_minr?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=RCH_A&coicop18=TOTAL&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Hotels and similar accommodation",
          "value": "25%",
          "segment": "year on year",
          "period": "2026-09",
          "source": "Eurostat HICP",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/prc_hicp_minr?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=RCH_A&coicop18=CP11201&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=9",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Package holidays",
          "value": "22.2%",
          "segment": "year on year",
          "period": "2026-09",
          "source": "Eurostat HICP",
          "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/prc_hicp_minr?format=JSON&lang=EN&unit=RCH_A&coicop18=CP098&geo=TR&lastTimePeriod=9",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "rules",
      "title": "Rules that shape the product",
      "note": "Verified rules from the primary regulator.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Cap on merchant fees for debit, prepaid and account-to-account payments",
          "value": "1.04%",
          "segment": "maximum merchant service charge",
          "period": "since 1 Nov 2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+tr/main+menu/istatistikler/bankacilik+verileri/uye+isyerlerine+uygulanacak+azami+komisyon+oranlari",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Cap on merchant fees for cards issued abroad",
          "value": "1.90%",
          "segment": "relevant to every hotel taking foreign guests' cards",
          "period": "since 1 Nov 2025",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+tr/main+menu/istatistikler/bankacilik+verileri/uye+isyerlerine+uygulanacak+azami+komisyon+oranlari",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Monthly cap on merchant commission for credit cards, single payment",
          "value": "3.56%",
          "segment": "plus 1.78 points per extra instalment",
          "period": "from 1 Oct 2026",
          "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye",
          "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/tr/tcmb+tr/main+menu/istatistikler/bankacilik+verileri/uye+isyerlerine+uygulanacak+azami+komisyon+oranlari",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Sustainable Tourism Programme: Stage 2 certificate mandatory for all licensed accommodation",
          "value": "in force",
          "segment": "4–5 star, boutique and special hotels need Stage 3 on licensing; annual renewal",
          "period": "deadline 31 Dec 2025",
          "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Circular 2024/5",
          "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/124733,2024-5genelgepdf.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        },
        {
          "label": "Competition Board: Booking.com price and availability parity clauses unlawful",
          "value": "in force",
          "segment": "wide and narrow parity, best-price guarantee",
          "period": "since Jan 2017",
          "source": "Turkish Competition Authority",
          "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/Dosya/nihai-karar-aciklamalari/tefhim-duyurulari/bookingsonn-20180226105418631.pdf",
          "tier": 1
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "reconciliation": {
    "title": "Why Turkish hotel numbers from different sources disagree",
    "body": "Four perimeters sit side by side on this page. First, spend against stays: TÜİK's tourism income counts everything departing visitors spent — package tours, food, transport, health — so the $6.98B spent on accommodation is a small slice of the $65.2B total, and it excludes Türkiye residents travelling at home. Second, licensed against all accommodation: the Ministry counts guests, nights and occupancy only in establishments with a Ministry or municipal certificate, and reports bed occupancy, not room occupancy, so its rates read lower than hotel-chain room occupancy figures. Third, companies against establishments: the central bank's 17,637 are incorporated accommodation companies that file accounts; one company can run several hotels, and family-run guesthouses outside the company register are not in it. Fourth, the Eurostat enterprise survey covers only accommodation enterprises with 10 or more employees, so the OTA and AI shares describe the larger end of the market, not the small guesthouse. The Competition Authority's 59 of 60 Booking.com figure is a 2016–2017 sample and is shown as historical. Currency also matters: income and spend are in US dollars, company accounts in Turkish lira, and with consumer prices rising about 30% a year the lira figures are not comparable across years without deflating.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "source": "TÜİK — Tourism statistics",
        "url": "https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58143"
      },
      {
        "source": "Ministry of Culture and Tourism — Accommodation statistics bulletin 2025",
        "url": "https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/145670,konaklama-yillik-b-lten-2025-ver2xlsx.xlsx?0"
      },
      {
        "source": "Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye — Company accounts by sector",
        "url": "https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/a0a15955-8100-4ec1-8915-dc45f71606e3/Dosya%2B1.zip?MOD=AJPERES"
      },
      {
        "source": "Eurostat — ICT usage in enterprises and households",
        "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/digital-economy-and-society/database"
      },
      {
        "source": "Turkish Competition Authority — Booking.com decision",
        "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/Dosya/nihai-karar-aciklamalari/tefhim-duyurulari/bookingsonn-20180226105418631.pdf"
      }
    ]
  },
  "methodology": "Every number on this page is a fact node in the God of Startups Atlas — a knowledge graph where each metric carries its source URL, reporting period, evidence tier and the verbatim quote it was taken from. Tier 1 means official or statutory sources (TÜİK, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye, the Turkish Competition Authority, Eurostat, the European Commission). Values are shown in the currency the source reports; lira amounts are rounded from thousands; nothing is converted, estimated or modelled.",
  "metaTitle": "Turkey Hotel Market 2026: Income, Occupancy, Guests, OTAs",
  "metaDescription": "Türkiye earned $65.2B from tourism in 2025; licensed accommodation sold 252.3M guest-nights, 44.1% in Antalya; 88.7% of web sellers use OTAs.",
  "cite": "God of Startups Atlas (2026). Turkey Hotel Market 2026: Tourism Income, Occupancy by Hotel Type, Guest Mix, Hotel Company Margins and OTA Dependence. https://godofstartups.com/atlas/turkey-hotel-market — data: TÜİK, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, CBRT, Eurostat. Licence: CC BY 4.0.",
  "page": "https://godofstartups.com/atlas/turkey-hotel-market",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "note": "Each row carries its primary source, period and evidence tier (1 = official/statutory, 2 = industry research with disclosed method)."
}